Map Display of Unmanned Aircraft Systems

ABSTRACT

Described herein is a method comprising (a) sending unmanned aircraft system (UAS) data providing a first UAS location indication on a map on a display of the computing device, wherein the first UAS location indication comprises an aggregate indication of a plurality of UASs located within a first area on the map, (b) receiving data comprising a request for additional information related to the first UAS location indication, (c) in response to receiving the request for additional information, sending additional location data related to the plurality of UASs, including a plurality of second UAS location indications at a plurality of locations within the first area on the map, wherein each second UAS indication corresponds to a subset of the plurality of UASs represented by the first UAS location indication, and (d) updating the display of the computing device to show the plurality of second UAS location indications.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser.No. 62/515,254, filed on Jun. 5, 2017, the entire contents of which areherein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

An unmanned aircraft system (“UAS”), which may also be referred to as anautonomous vehicle, is a vehicle capable of travel without aphysically-present human operator. A UAS may operate in a remote-controlmode, in an autonomous mode, or in a partially autonomous mode.

When a UAS operates in a remote-control mode, a pilot or driver that isat a remote location can control the UAS via commands that are sent tothe UAS via a wireless link. When the UAS operates in autonomous mode,the UAS typically moves based on pre-programmed navigation waypoints,dynamic automation systems, or a combination of these. Further, someUASs can operate in both a remote-control mode and an autonomous mode,and in some instances may do so simultaneously. For instance, a remotepilot or driver may wish to leave navigation to an autonomous systemwhile manually performing another task, such as operating a mechanicalsystem for picking up objects, as an example.

Various types of UASs exist for various different environments. Forinstance, UASs exist for operation in the air, on the ground,underwater, and in space. Examples include quad-copters and tail-sitterUASs, among others. UASs also exist for hybrid operations in whichmulti-environment operation is possible. Examples of hybrid UASs includean amphibious craft that is capable of operation on land as well as onwater or a floatplane that is capable of landing on water as well as onland. Other examples are also possible.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a computer-implemented method is provided. The method mayinvolve sending, by a computing device, unmanned aircraft system (UAS)data providing a first UAS location indication on a map on a display ofthe computing device, wherein the first UAS location indicationcomprises an aggregate indication of a plurality of UASs located withina first area on the map. The method may also involve receiving, by thecomputing device, input data comprising a request for additionalinformation related to the first UAS location indication. The method mayalso involve, in response to receiving the request for additionalinformation, sending additional location data related to the pluralityof UASs, including a plurality of second UAS location indications at aplurality of locations within the first area on the map, wherein eachsecond UAS indication corresponds to a subset of the plurality of UASsrepresented by the first UAS location indication. The method may alsoinvolve updating the display of the computing device to show theplurality of second UAS location indications.

In another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium isprovided. The non-transitory computer-readable medium includesinstructions stored thereon, that when executed by one or moreprocessors, cause a computing device to perform operations. Inparticular, the operations may involve sending, by a computing device,unmanned aircraft system (UAS) data providing a first UAS locationindication on a map on a display of the computing device, wherein thefirst UAS location indication comprises an aggregate indication of aplurality of UASs located within a first area on the map. The operationsmay also involve receiving, by the computing device, input datacomprising a request for additional information related to the first UASlocation indication. The operations may also involve, in response toreceiving the request for additional information, in response toreceiving the request for additional information, sending additionallocation data related to the plurality of UASs, including a plurality ofsecond UAS location indications at a plurality of locations within thefirst area on the map, wherein each second UAS indication corresponds toa subset of the plurality of UASs represented by the first UAS locationindication. The operations may also involve updating the display of thecomputing device to show the plurality of second UAS locationindications.

In yet another aspect, a system is provided. The system may include adisplay, a processing unit, data storage, and program instructionsstored in the data storage and executable by the processing unit tocarry out operations. In particular, the operations may involve sending,by a computing device, unmanned aircraft system (UAS) data providing afirst UAS location indication on a map on a display of the computingdevice, wherein the first UAS location indication comprises an aggregateindication of a plurality of UASs located within a first area on themap. The operations may also involve receiving, by the computing device,input data comprising a request for additional information related tothe first UAS location indication. The operations may also involve, inresponse to receiving the request for additional information, inresponse to receiving the request for additional information, sendingadditional location data related to the plurality of UASs, including aplurality of second UAS location indications at a plurality of locationswithin the first area on the map, wherein each second UAS indicationcorresponds to a subset of the plurality of UASs represented by thefirst UAS location indication. The operations may also involve updatingthe display of the computing device to show the plurality of second UASlocation indications.

These as well as other aspects, advantages, and alternatives will becomeapparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the followingdetailed description with reference where appropriate to theaccompanying drawings. Further, it should be understood that thedescription provided in this summary section and elsewhere in thisdocument is intended to illustrate the claimed subject matter by way ofexample and not by way of limitation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a simplified illustration of a UAS, according to an exampleimplementation.

FIG. 1B is a simplified illustration of a UAS, according to an exampleimplementation.

FIG. 1C is a simplified illustration of a UAS, according to an exampleimplementation.

FIG. 1D is a simplified illustration of a UAS, according to an exampleimplementation.

FIG. 1E is a simplified illustration of a UAS, according to an exampleimplementation.

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram illustrating components of a UAS,according to an example implementation.

FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a UAS deploymentsystem, according to an example implementation.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example flowchart of an example method, accordingto an example implementation.

FIG. 5A depicts a geofencing scenario for a UAS, in accordance with anexample embodiment.

FIG. 5B depicts a geofencing scenario for a UAS, in accordance with anexample embodiment.

FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate example computing devices performing functions inaccordance with an example method.

FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a computing device, accordingto an example implementation.

FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a server, according to anexample implementation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary methods and systems are described herein. It should beunderstood that the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving asan example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation or featuredescribed herein as “exemplary” or “illustrative” is not necessarily tobe construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations orfeatures. In the figures, similar symbols typically identify similarcomponents, unless context dictates otherwise. The exampleimplementations described herein are not meant to be limiting. It willbe readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, asgenerally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, can bearranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a widevariety of different configurations, all of which are contemplatedherein.

I. Overview

Example implementations may relate to a methods and systems fordisplaying UAS information on a graphical user interface of a computingdevice. In particular, a UAS database contains UAS flight informationsuch as location, altitude, and ground speed data for a plurality ofauthenticated UASs. A UAS is authenticated when it is registered with aUAS registrar. Such a registered UAS is then added to the UAS databaseand assigned a unique identifier associated with the UAS. Anauthenticated UAS may provide flight information to the UAS database(e.g., real-time position and operating data).

Flight data from the UAS database may be displayed on a graphical userinterface of a computing device. The display may overlay a plurality oficons on a map indicating a location of one or more UASs, as well asidentifying information for each of the one or more UASs when a userrequests additional information for a given UAS. Such a graphical userinterface may beneficially provide users the ability to see what UASsare flying in their area.

In an example implementation, the graphical user interface of thecomputing device may display a graphical icon providing a first UASlocation indication at a location on a map. The first UAS locationindication comprises an aggregate indication of a plurality of UASslocated within a first area on the map such that the exact location ofindividual UASs is unknown. The user may select the graphical icon orotherwise request additional information related to the first UASlocation indication to drill down for more information on the pluralityof UASs corresponding to the first UAS location indication. In oneparticular example, the computing device may receive input datacomprising a request for additional information of a given UAS of theplurality of UASs corresponding to one of the plurality of second UASlocation indications. In such an example, in response to receiving therequest for additional information of the given UAS, the computingdevice may send an instruction to display a unique identifier associatedwith the given UAS on the display of the computing device.

The display data may be a restricted and/or modified subset of allflight status data within the UAS database. The display data may be (i)geo-restricted to a range around the user, (ii) restricted in time toreal-time data with a limited historical lookback (e.g., <1 minute) orno historical lookback, and (iii) subject to precision dilution suchthat a bounded range is displayed for each UAS instead of exact UASlocation.

In addition, the graphical user interface may include display optionsassociated with a given UAS icon and specific to the icon. For example,the icon may include a menu (e.g., click, hover-over, etc.) thatpresents the user with the option to “Access More Info” about the UAS.Clicking through may take the GUI user to a website. The menu mayfurther include reporting options such as reporting any non-standardoperation. In one example, such a non-standard operation may include anoise violation. In another example, the non-standard operation mayinclude reporting unsafe operation, such as a low altitude or excessground speed. Other non-standard operations for reporting are possibleas well. The menu may also include an option for push notifications whenthe UAS is again in the geographic area or in proximity to the user.

II. Illustrative UASs

Herein, the terms “unmanned aircraft system” and “UAS” refer to anyautonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle that is capable of performing somefunctions without a physically present human pilot.

A UAS can take various forms. For example, a UAS may take the form of afixed-wing aircraft, a glider aircraft, a tail-sitter aircraft, a jetaircraft, a ducted fan aircraft, a lighter-than-air dirigible such as ablimp or steerable balloon, a rotorcraft such as a helicopter ormulticopter, and/or an ornithopter, among other possibilities. Further,the terms “drone,” “unmanned aerial vehicle” (UAV), or “unmanned aerialsystem” (UAS) may also be used to refer to a UAS.

FIG. 1A is an isometric view of an example UAS 100. UAS 100 includeswing 102, booms 104, and a fuselage 106. Wings 102 may be stationary andmay generate lift based on the wing shape and the UAS's forwardairspeed. For instance, the two wings 102 may have an airfoil-shapedcross section to produce an aerodynamic force on UAS 100. In someembodiments, wing 102 may carry horizontal propulsion units 108, andbooms 104 may carry vertical propulsion units 110. In operation, powerfor the propulsion units may be provided from a battery compartment 112of fuselage 106. In some embodiments, fuselage 106 also includes anavionics compartment 114, an additional battery compartment (not shown)and/or a delivery unit (not shown, e.g., a winch system) for handlingthe payload. In some embodiments, fuselage 106 is modular, and two ormore compartments (e.g., battery compartment 112, avionics compartment114, other payload and delivery compartments) are detachable from eachother and securable to each other (e.g., mechanically, magnetically, orotherwise) to contiguously form at least a portion of fuselage 106.

In some embodiments, booms 104 terminate in rudders 116 for improved yawcontrol of UAS 100. Further, wings 102 may terminate in wing tips 117for improved control of lift of the UAS.

In the illustrated configuration, UAS 100 includes a structural frame.The structural frame may be referred to as a “structural H-frame” or an“H-frame” (not shown) of the UAS. The H-frame may include, within wings102, a wing spar (not shown) and, within booms 104, boom carriers (notshown). In some embodiments the wing spar and the boom carriers may bemade of carbon fiber, hard plastic, aluminum, light metal alloys, orother materials. The wing spar and the boom carriers may be connectedwith clamps. The wing spar may include pre-drilled holes for horizontalpropulsion units 108, and the boom carriers may include pre-drilledholes for vertical propulsion units 110.

In some embodiments, fuselage 106 may be removably attached to theH-frame (e.g., attached to the wing spar by clamps, configured withgrooves, protrusions or other features to mate with correspondingH-frame features, etc.). In other embodiments, fuselage 106 similarlymay be removably attached to wings 102. The removable attachment offuselage 106 may improve quality and or modularity of UAS 100. Forexample, electrical/mechanical components and/or subsystems of fuselage106 may be tested separately from, and before being attached to, theH-frame. Similarly, printed circuit boards (PCBs) 118 may be testedseparately from, and before being attached to, the boom carriers,therefore eliminating defective parts/subassemblies prior to completingthe UAS. For example, components of fuselage 106 (e.g., avionics,battery unit, delivery units, an additional battery compartment, etc.)may be electrically tested before fuselage 106 is mounted to theH-frame. Furthermore, the motors and the electronics of PCBs 118 mayalso be electrically tested before the final assembly. Generally, theidentification of the defective parts and subassemblies early in theassembly process lowers the overall cost and lead time of the UAS.Furthermore, different types/models of fuselage 106 may be attached tothe H-frame, therefore improving the modularity of the design. Suchmodularity allows these various parts of UAS 100 to be upgraded withouta substantial overhaul to the manufacturing process.

In some embodiments, a wing shell and boom shells may be attached to theH-frame by adhesive elements (e.g., adhesive tape, double-sided adhesivetape, glue, etc.). Therefore, multiple shells may be attached to theH-frame instead of having a monolithic body sprayed onto the H-frame. Insome embodiments, the presence of the multiple shells reduces thestresses induced by the coefficient of thermal expansion of thestructural frame of the UAS. As a result, the UAS may have betterdimensional accuracy and/or improved reliability.

Moreover, in at least some embodiments, the same H-frame may be usedwith the wing shell and/or boom shells having different size and/ordesign, therefore improving the modularity and versatility of the UASdesigns. The wing shell and/or the boom shells may be made of relativelylight polymers (e.g., closed cell foam) covered by the harder, butrelatively thin, plastic skins.

The power and/or control signals from fuselage 106 may be routed to PCBs118 through cables running through fuselage 106, wings 102, and booms104. In the illustrated embodiment, UAS 100 has four PCBs, but othernumbers of PCBs are also possible. For example, UAS 100 may include twoPCBs, one per the boom. The PCBs carry electronic components 119including, for example, power converters, controllers, memory, passivecomponents, etc. In operation, propulsion units 108 and 110 of UAS 100are electrically connected to the PCBs.

Many variations on the illustrated UAS are possible. For instance,fixed-wing UASs may include more or fewer rotor units (vertical orhorizontal), and/or may utilize a ducted fan or multiple ducted fans forpropulsion. Further, UASs with more wings (e.g., an “x-wing”configuration with four wings), are also possible. Although FIG. 1Aillustrates two wings 102, two booms 104, two horizontal propulsionunits 108, and six vertical propulsion units 110 per boom 104, it shouldbe appreciated that other variants of UAS 100 may be implemented withmore or less of these components. For example, UAS 100 may include fourwings 102, four booms 104, and more or less propulsion units (horizontalor vertical).

Similarly, FIG. 1B shows another example of a fixed-wing UAS 120. Thefixed-wing UAS 120 includes a fuselage 122, two wings 124 with anairfoil-shaped cross section to provide lift for the UAS 120, a verticalstabilizer 126 (or fin) to stabilize the plane's yaw (turn left orright), a horizontal stabilizer 128 (also referred to as an elevator ortailplane) to stabilize pitch (tilt up or down), landing gear 130, and apropulsion unit 132, which can include a motor, shaft, and propeller.

FIG. 1C shows an example of a UAS 140 with a propeller in a pusherconfiguration. The term “pusher” refers to the fact that a propulsionunit 142 is mounted at the back of the UAS and “pushes” the vehicleforward, in contrast to the propulsion unit being mounted at the frontof the UAS. Similar to the description provided for FIGS. 1A and 1B,FIG. 1C depicts common structures used in a pusher plane, including afuselage 144, two wings 146, vertical stabilizers 148, and thepropulsion unit 142, which can include a motor, shaft, and propeller.

FIG. 1D shows an example of a tail-sitter UAS 160. In the illustratedexample, the tail-sitter UAS 160 has fixed wings 162 to provide lift andallow the UAS 160 to glide horizontally (e.g., along the x-axis, in aposition that is approximately perpendicular to the position shown inFIG. 1D). However, the fixed wings 162 also allow the tail-sitter UAS160 to take off and land vertically on its own.

For example, at a launch site, the tail-sitter UAS 160 may be positionedvertically (as shown) with its fins 164 and/or wings 162 resting on theground and stabilizing the UAS 160 in the vertical position. Thetail-sitter UAS 160 may then take off by operating its propellers 166 togenerate an upward thrust (e.g., a thrust that is generally along they-axis). Once at a suitable altitude, the tail-sitter UAS 160 may useits flaps 168 to reorient itself in a horizontal position, such that itsfuselage 170 is closer to being aligned with the x-axis than the y-axis.Positioned horizontally, the propellers 166 may provide forward thrustso that the tail-sitter UAS 160 can fly in a similar manner as a typicalairplane.

Many variations on the illustrated fixed-wing UASs are possible. Forinstance, fixed-wing UASs may include more or fewer propellers, and/ormay utilize a ducted fan or multiple ducted fans for propulsion.Further, UASs with more wings (e.g., an “x-wing” configuration with fourwings), with fewer wings, or even with no wings, are also possible.

As noted above, some implementations may involve other types of UASs, inaddition to or in the alternative to fixed-wing UASs. For instance, FIG.1E shows an example of a rotorcraft that is commonly referred to as amulticopter 180. The multicopter 180 may also be referred to as aquadcopter, as it includes four rotors 182. It should be understood thatexample implementations may involve a rotorcraft with more or fewerrotors than the multicopter 180. For example, a helicopter typically hastwo rotors. Other examples with three or more rotors are possible aswell. Herein, the term “multicopter” refers to any rotorcraft havingmore than two rotors, and the term “helicopter” refers to rotorcrafthaving two rotors.

Referring to the multicopter 180 in greater detail, the four rotors 182provide propulsion and maneuverability for the multicopter 180. Morespecifically, each rotor 182 includes blades that are attached to amotor 184. Configured as such, the rotors 182 may allow the multicopter180 to take off and land vertically, to maneuver in any direction,and/or to hover. Further, the pitch of the blades may be adjusted as agroup and/or differentially, and may allow the multicopter 180 tocontrol its pitch, roll, yaw, and/or altitude.

It should be understood that references herein to an “unmanned” aerialvehicle or UAS can apply equally to autonomous and semi-autonomousaerial vehicles. In an autonomous implementation, all functionality ofthe aerial vehicle is automated; e.g., pre-programmed or controlled viareal-time computer functionality that responds to input from varioussensors and/or pre-determined information. In a semi-autonomousimplementation, some functions of an aerial vehicle may be controlled bya human operator, while other functions are carried out autonomously.Further, in some implementations, a UAS may be configured to allow aremote operator to take over functions that can otherwise be controlledautonomously by the UAS. Yet further, a given type of function may becontrolled remotely at one level of abstraction and performedautonomously at another level of abstraction. For example, a remoteoperator could control high level navigation decisions for a UAS, suchas by specifying that the UAS should travel from one location to another(e.g., from a warehouse in a suburban area to a delivery address in anearby city), while the UAS's navigation system autonomously controlsmore fine-grained navigation decisions, such as the specific route totake between the two locations, specific flight controls to achieve theroute and avoid obstacles while navigating the route, and so on.

More generally, it should be understood that the example UASs describedherein are not intended to be limiting. Example implementations mayrelate to, be implemented within, or take the form of any type ofunmanned aerial vehicle.

III. Illustrative UAS Components

FIG. 2 is a simplified block diagram illustrating components of a UAS200, according to an example implementation. UAS 200 may take the formof, or be similar in form to, one of the UASs 100, 120, 140, 160, and180 described in reference to FIGS. 1A-1E. However, UAS 200 may alsotake other forms.

UAS 200 may include various types of sensors, and may include acomputing device configured to provide the functionality describedherein. In the illustrated implementation, the sensors of UAS 200include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) 202, ultrasonic sensor(s)204, and a GPS 206, among other possible sensors and sensing systems.

In the illustrated implementation, UAS 200 also includes one or moreprocessors 208. A processor 208 may be a general-purpose processor or aspecial purpose processor (e.g., digital signal processors, applicationspecific integrated circuits, etc.). The one or more processors 208 canbe configured to execute computer-readable program instructions 212 thatare stored in the data storage 210 and are executable to provide thefunctionality of a UAS described herein.

The data storage 210 may include or take the form of one or morecomputer-readable storage media that can be read or accessed by at leastone processor 208. The one or more computer-readable storage media caninclude volatile and/or non-volatile storage components, such asoptical, magnetic, organic or other memory or disc storage, which can beintegrated in whole or in part with at least one of the one or moreprocessors 208. In some implementations, the data storage 210 can beimplemented using a single physical device (e.g., one optical, magnetic,organic or other memory or disc storage unit), while in otherimplementations, the data storage 210 can be implemented using two ormore physical devices.

As noted, the data storage 210 can include computer-readable programinstructions 212 and perhaps additional data, such as diagnostic data ofthe UAS 200. As such, the data storage 210 may include programinstructions 212 to perform or facilitate some or all of the UASfunctionality described herein. For instance, in the illustratedimplementation, program instructions 212 include a navigation module 214and a tether control module 216.

A. Sensors

In an illustrative implementation, IMU 202 may include both anaccelerometer and a gyroscope, which may be used together to determinean orientation of the UAS 200. In particular, the accelerometer canmeasure the orientation of the vehicle with respect to earth, while thegyroscope measures the rate of rotation around an axis. IMUs arecommercially available in low-cost, low-power packages. For instance, anIMU 202 may take the form of or include a miniaturizedMicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) or a NanoElectroMechanical System(NEMS). Other types of IMUs may also be utilized.

An IMU 202 may include other sensors, in addition to accelerometers andgyroscopes, which may help to better determine position and/or help toincrease autonomy of the UAS 200. Two examples of such sensors aremagnetometers and pressure sensors. In some implementations, a UAS mayinclude a low-power, digital 3-axis magnetometer, which can be used torealize an orientation independent electronic compass for accurateheading information. However, other types of magnetometers may beutilized as well. Other examples are also possible. Further, note that aUAS could include some or all of the above-described inertia sensors asseparate components from an IMU.

UAS 200 may also include a pressure sensor or barometer, which can beused to determine the altitude of the UAS 200. Alternatively, othersensors, such as sonic altimeters or radar altimeters, can be used toprovide an indication of altitude, which may help to improve theaccuracy of and/or prevent drift of an IMU.

In a further aspect, UAS 200 may include one or more sensors that allowthe UAS to sense objects in the environment. For instance, in theillustrated implementation, UAS 200 includes ultrasonic sensor(s) 204.Ultrasonic sensor(s) 204 can determine the distance to an object bygenerating sound waves and determining the time interval betweentransmission of the wave and receiving the corresponding echo off anobject. A typical application of an ultrasonic sensor for UASs or IMUsis low-level altitude control and obstacle avoidance. An ultrasonicsensor can also be used for vehicles that need to hover at a certainheight or need to be capable of detecting obstacles. Other systems canbe used to determine, sense the presence of, and/or determine thedistance to nearby objects, such as a light detection and ranging(LIDAR) system, laser detection and ranging (LADAR) system, and/or aninfrared or forward-looking infrared (FLIR) system, among otherpossibilities.

In some implementations, UAS 200 may also include one or more imagingsystem(s). For example, one or more still and/or video cameras may beutilized by UAS 200 to capture image data from the UAS's environment. Asa specific example, charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras or complementarymetal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) cameras can be used with UASs. Suchimaging sensor(s) have numerous possible applications, such as obstacleavoidance, localization techniques, ground tracking for more accuratenavigation (e.g., by applying optical flow techniques to images), videofeedback, and/or image recognition and processing, among otherpossibilities.

UAS 200 may also include a GPS receiver 206. The GPS receiver 206 may beconfigured to provide data that is typical of well-known GPS systems,such as the GPS coordinates of the UAS 200. Such GPS data may beutilized by the UAS 200 for various functions. As such, the UAS may useits GPS receiver 206 to help navigate to the caller's location, asindicated, at least in part, by the GPS coordinates provided by theirmobile device.

Other examples are also possible.

B. Navigation and Location Determination

The navigation module 214 may provide functionality that allows the UAS200 to, e.g., move about its environment and reach a desired location.To do so, the navigation module 214 may control the altitude and/ordirection of flight by controlling the mechanical features of the UASthat affect flight (e.g., its rudder(s), elevator(s), aileron(s), and/orthe speed of its propeller(s)).

In order to navigate the UAS 200 to a target location, the navigationmodule 214 may implement various navigation techniques, such asmap-based navigation and localization-based navigation, for instance.With map-based navigation, the UAS 200 may be provided with a map of itsenvironment, which may then be used to navigate to a particular locationon the map. With localization-based navigation, the UAS 200 may becapable of navigating in an unknown environment using localization.Localization-based navigation may involve the UAS 200 building its ownmap of its environment and calculating its position within the mapand/or the position of objects in the environment. For example, as a UAS200 moves throughout its environment, the UAS 200 may continuously uselocalization to update its map of the environment. This continuousmapping process may be referred to as simultaneous localization andmapping (SLAM). Other navigation techniques may also be utilized.

In some implementations, the navigation module 214 may navigate using atechnique that relies on waypoints. In particular, waypoints are sets ofcoordinates that identify points in physical space. For instance, anair-navigation waypoint may be defined by a certain latitude, longitude,and altitude. Accordingly, navigation module 214 may cause UAS 200 tomove from waypoint to waypoint, in order to ultimately travel to a finaldestination (e.g., a final waypoint in a sequence of waypoints).

In a further aspect, the navigation module 214 and/or other componentsand systems of the UAS 200 may be configured for “localization” to moreprecisely navigate to the scene of a target location. More specifically,it may be desirable in certain situations for a UAS to be within athreshold distance of the target location where a payload 228 is beingdelivered by a

UAS (e.g., within a few feet of the target destination). To this end, aUAS may use a two-tiered approach in which it uses a more-generallocation-determination technique to navigate to a general area that isassociated with the target location, and then use a more-refinedlocation-determination technique to identify and/or navigate to thetarget location within the general area.

For example, the UAS 200 may navigate to the general area of a targetdestination where a payload 228 is being delivered using waypointsand/or map-based navigation. The UAS may then switch to a mode in whichit utilizes a localization process to locate and travel to a morespecific location. For instance, if the UAS 200 is to deliver a payloadto a user's home, the UAS 200 may need to be substantially close to thetarget location in order to avoid delivery of the payload to undesiredareas (e.g., onto a roof, into a pool, onto a neighbor's property,etc.). However, a GPS signal may only get the UAS 200 so far (e.g.,within a block of the user's home). A more preciselocation-determination technique may then be used to find the specifictarget location.

Various types of location-determination techniques may be used toaccomplish localization of the target delivery location once the UAS 200has navigated to the general area of the target delivery location. Forinstance, the UAS 200 may be equipped with one or more sensory systems,such as, for example, ultrasonic sensors 204, infrared sensors (notshown), and/or other sensors, which may provide input that thenavigation module 214 utilizes to navigate autonomously orsemi-autonomously to the specific target location.

As another example, once the UAS 200 reaches the general area of thetarget delivery location (or of a moving subject such as a person ortheir mobile device), the UAS 200 may switch to a “fly-by-wire” modewhere it is controlled, at least in part, by a remote operator, who cannavigate the UAS 200 to the specific target location. To this end,sensory data from the UAS 200 may be sent to the remote operator toassist them in navigating the UAS 200 to the specific location.

As yet another example, the UAS 200 may include a module that is able tosignal to a passer-by for assistance in reaching the specific targetdelivery location. For example, the UAS 200 may display a visual messagerequesting such assistance in a graphic display, with the visual messagepossibly indicating the specific target delivery location, among otherpossibilities. In another example, the UAS 200 may play an audio messageor tone through speakers to indicate the need for such assistance, withthe audio message or tone possibly indicating the specific targetdelivery location, among other possibilities. In practice, such afeature can be useful in a scenario in which the UAS is unable to usesensory functions or another location-determination technique to reachthe specific target location. However, this feature is not limited tosuch scenarios.

In some implementations, once the UAS 200 arrives at the general area ofa target delivery location, the UAS 200 may utilize a beacon from auser's remote device (e.g., the user's mobile phone) to locate theremote device, person, or location. Such a beacon may take variousforms. As an example, consider the scenario where a remote device, suchas the mobile phone of a person who requested a UAS delivery, is able tosend out directional signals (e.g., via an RF signal, a light signaland/or an audio signal). In this scenario, the UAS 200 may be configuredto navigate by “sourcing” such directional signals—in other words, bydetermining where the signal is strongest and navigating accordingly. Asanother example, a mobile device can emit a frequency, either in thehuman range or outside the human range, and the UAS 200 can listen forthat frequency and navigate accordingly. As a related example, if theUAS 200 is listening for spoken commands, then the UAS 200 could utilizespoken statements, such as “I'm over here!” to source the specificlocation of the person requesting delivery of a payload.

In an alternative arrangement, a navigation module may be implemented ata remote computing device, which communicates wirelessly with the UAS200. The remote computing device may receive data indicating theoperational state of the UAS 200, sensor data from the UAS 200 thatallows it to assess the environmental conditions being experienced bythe UAS 200, and/or location information for the UAS 200. Provided withsuch information, the remote computing device may determine altitudinaland/or directional adjustments that should be made by the UAS 200 and/ormay determine how the UAS 200 should adjust its mechanical features(e.g., its rudder(s), elevator(s), aileron(s), and/or the speed of itspropeller(s)) in order to effectuate such movements. The remotecomputing device may then communicate such adjustments to the UAS 200 soit can move in the determined manner.

C. Communication Systems

In a further aspect, the UAS 200 includes one or more communicationsystems 218. The communications systems 218 may include one or morewireless interfaces and/or one or more wireline interfaces, which allowthe UAS 200 to communicate via one or more networks. Such wirelessinterfaces may provide for communication under one or more wirelesscommunication protocols, such as Bluetooth, WiFi (e.g., an IEEE 902.11protocol), Long-Term Evolution (LTE), WiMAX (e.g., an IEEE 902.16standard), a radio-frequency ID (RFID) protocol, near-fieldcommunication (NFC), and/or other wireless communication protocols. Suchwireline interfaces may include an Ethernet interface, a UniversalSerial Bus (USB) interface, or similar interface to communicate via awire, a twisted pair of wires, a coaxial cable, an optical link, afiber-optic link, or other physical connection to a wireline network.

In some implementations, a UAS 200 may include communication systems 218that allow for both short-range communication and long-rangecommunication. For example, the UAS 200 may be configured forshort-range communications using Bluetooth and for long-rangecommunications under a CDMA protocol. In such an implementation, the UAS200 may be configured to function as a “hot spot;” or in other words, asa gateway or proxy between a remote support device and one or more datanetworks, such as a cellular network and/or the Internet. Configured assuch, the UAS 200 may facilitate data communications that the remotesupport device would otherwise be unable to perform by itself.

For example, the UAS 200 may provide a WiFi connection to a remotedevice, and serve as a proxy or gateway to a cellular service provider'sdata network, which the UAS might connect to under an LTE or a 3Gprotocol, for instance. The UAS 200 could also serve as a proxy orgateway to a high-altitude balloon network, a satellite network, or acombination of these networks, among others, which a remote device mightnot be able to otherwise access.

D. Power Systems

In a further aspect, the UAS 200 may include power system(s) 220. Thepower system 220 may include one or more batteries for providing powerto the UAS 200. In one example, the one or more batteries may berechargeable and each battery may be recharged via a wired connectionbetween the battery and a power supply and/or via a wireless chargingsystem, such as an inductive charging system that applies an externaltime-varying magnetic field to an internal battery.

E. Payload Delivery

The UAS 200 may employ various systems and configurations in order totransport and deliver a payload 228. In some implementations, thepayload 228 of a given UAS 200 may include or take the form of a“package” designed to transport various goods to a target deliverylocation. For example, the UAS 200 can include a compartment, in whichan item or items may be transported. Such a package may one or more fooditems, purchased goods, medical items, or any other object(s) having asize and weight suitable to be transported between two locations by theUAS. In other implementations, a payload 228 may simply be the one ormore items that are being delivered (e.g., without any package housingthe items).

In some implementations, the payload 228 may be attached to the UAS andlocated substantially outside of the UAS during some or all of a flightby the UAS. For example, the package may be tethered or otherwisereleasably attached below the UAS during flight to a target location. Inan implementation where a package carries goods below the UAS, thepackage may include various features that protect its contents from theenvironment, reduce aerodynamic drag on the system, and prevent thecontents of the package from shifting during UAS flight.

For instance, when the payload 228 takes the form of a package fortransporting items, the package may include an outer shell constructedof water-resistant cardboard, plastic, or any other lightweight andwater-resistant material. Further, in order to reduce drag, the packagemay feature smooth surfaces with a pointed front that reduces thefrontal cross-sectional area. Further, the sides of the package maytaper from a wide bottom to a narrow top, which allows the package toserve as a narrow pylon that reduces interference effects on the wing(s)of the UAS. This may move some of the frontal area and volume of thepackage away from the wing(s) of the UAS, thereby preventing thereduction of lift on the wing(s) cause by the package. Yet further, insome implementations, the outer shell of the package may be constructedfrom a single sheet of material in order to reduce air gaps or extramaterial, both of which may increase drag on the system. Additionally oralternatively, the package may include a stabilizer to dampen packageflutter. This reduction in flutter may allow the package to have a lessrigid connection to the UAS and may cause the contents of the package toshift less during flight.

In order to deliver the payload, the UAS may include a winch system 221controlled by the tether control module 216 in order to lower thepayload 228 to the ground while the UAS hovers above. As shown in FIG.2, the winch system 221 may include a tether 224, and the tether 224 maybe coupled to the payload 228 by a payload coupling apparatus 226. Thetether 224 may be wound on a spool that is coupled to a motor 222 of theUAS. The motor 222 may take the form of a DC motor (e.g., a servo motor)that can be actively controlled by a speed controller. The tethercontrol module 216 can control the speed controller to cause the motor222 to rotate the spool, thereby unwinding or retracting the tether 224and lowering or raising the payload coupling apparatus 226. In practice,the speed controller may output a desired operating rate (e.g., adesired RPM) for the spool, which may correspond to the speed at whichthe tether 224 and payload 228 should be lowered towards the ground. Themotor 222 may then rotate the spool so that it maintains the desiredoperating rate.

In order to control the motor 222 via the speed controller, the tethercontrol module 216 may receive data from a speed sensor (e.g., anencoder) configured to convert a mechanical position to a representativeanalog or digital signal. In particular, the speed sensor may include arotary encoder that may provide information related to rotary position(and/or rotary movement) of a shaft of the motor or the spool coupled tothe motor, among other possibilities. Moreover, the speed sensor maytake the form of an absolute encoder and/or an incremental encoder,among others. So in an example implementation, as the motor 222 causesrotation of the spool, a rotary encoder may be used to measure thisrotation. In doing so, the rotary encoder may be used to convert arotary position to an analog or digital electronic signal used by thetether control module 216 to determine the amount of rotation of thespool from a fixed reference angle and/or to an analog or digitalelectronic signal that is representative of a new rotary position, amongother options. Other examples are also possible.

Based on the data from the speed sensor, the tether control module 216may determine a rotational speed of the motor 222 and/or the spool andresponsively control the motor 222 (e.g., by increasing or decreasing anelectrical current supplied to the motor 222) to cause the rotationalspeed of the motor 222 to match a desired speed. When adjusting themotor current, the magnitude of the current adjustment may be based on aproportional-integral-derivative (PID) calculation using the determinedand desired speeds of the motor 222. For instance, the magnitude of thecurrent adjustment may be based on a present difference, a pastdifference (based on accumulated error over time), and a futuredifference (based on current rates of change) between the determined anddesired speeds of the spool.

In some implementations, the tether control module 216 may vary the rateat which the tether 224 and payload 228 are lowered to the ground. Forexample, the speed controller may change the desired operating rateaccording to a variable deployment-rate profile and/or in response toother factors in order to change the rate at which the payload 228descends toward the ground. To do so, the tether control module 216 mayadjust an amount of braking or an amount of friction that is applied tothe tether 224. For example, to vary the tether deployment rate, the UAS200 may include friction pads that can apply a variable amount ofpressure to the tether 224. As another example, the UAS 200 can includea motorized braking system that varies the rate at which the spool letsout the tether 224. Such a braking system may take the form of anelectromechanical system in which the motor 222 operates to slow therate at which the spool lets out the tether 224. Further, the motor 222may vary the amount by which it adjusts the speed (e.g., the RPM) of thespool, and thus may vary the deployment rate of the tether 224. Otherexamples are also possible.

In some implementations, the tether control module 216 may be configuredto limit the motor current supplied to the motor 222 to a maximum value.With such a limit placed on the motor current, there may be situationswhere the motor 222 cannot operate at the desired operate specified bythe speed controller. For instance, as discussed in more detail below,there may be situations where the speed controller specifies a desiredoperating rate at which the motor 222 should retract the tether 224toward the UAS 200, but the motor current may be limited such that alarge enough downward force on the tether 224 would counteract theretracting force of the motor 222 and cause the tether 224 to unwindinstead. And as further discussed below, a limit on the motor currentmay be imposed and/or altered depending on an operational state of theUAS 200.

In some implementations, the tether control module 216 may be configuredto determine a status of the tether 224 and/or the payload 228 based onthe amount of current supplied to the motor 222. For instance, if adownward force is applied to the tether 224 (e.g., if the payload 228 isattached to the tether 224 or if the tether 224 gets snagged on anobject when retracting toward the UAS 200), the tether control module216 may need to increase the motor current in order to cause thedetermined rotational speed of the motor 222 and/or spool to match thedesired speed. Similarly, when the downward force is removed from thetether 224 (e.g., upon delivery of the payload 228 or removal of atether snag), the tether control module 216 may need to decrease themotor current in order to cause the determined rotational speed of themotor 222 and/or spool to match the desired speed. As such, the tethercontrol module 216 may be configured to monitor the current supplied tothe motor 222. For instance, the tether control module 216 coulddetermine the motor current based on sensor data received from a currentsensor of the motor or a current sensor of the power system 220. In anycase, based on the current supplied to the motor 222, determine if thepayload 228 is attached to the tether 224, if someone or something ispulling on the tether 224, and/or if the payload coupling apparatus 226is pressing against the UAS 200 after retracting the tether 224. Otherexamples are possible as well.

During delivery of the payload 228, the payload coupling apparatus 226can be configured to secure the payload 228 while being lowered from theUAS by the tether 224, and can be further configured to release thepayload 228 upon reaching ground level. The payload coupling apparatus226 can then be retracted to the UAS by reeling in the tether 224 usingthe motor 222.

In some implementations, the payload 228 may be passively released onceit is lowered to the ground. For example, a passive release mechanismmay include one or more swing arms adapted to retract into and extendfrom a housing. An extended swing arm may form a hook on which thepayload 228 may be attached. Upon lowering the release mechanism and thepayload 228 to the ground via a tether, a gravitational force as well asa downward inertial force on the release mechanism may cause the payload228 to detach from the hook allowing the release mechanism to be raisedupwards toward the UAS. The release mechanism may further include aspring mechanism that biases the swing arm to retract into the housingwhen there are no other external forces on the swing arm. For instance,a spring may exert a force on the swing arm that pushes or pulls theswing arm toward the housing such that the swing arm retracts into thehousing once the weight of the payload 228 no longer forces the swingarm to extend from the housing. Retracting the swing arm into thehousing may reduce the likelihood of the release mechanism snagging thepayload 228 or other nearby objects when raising the release mechanismtoward the UAS upon delivery of the payload 228.

Active payload release mechanisms are also possible. For example,sensors such as a barometric pressure based altimeter and/oraccelerometers may help to detect the position of the release mechanism(and the payload) relative to the ground. Data from the sensors can becommunicated back to the UAS and/or a control system over a wirelesslink and used to help in determining when the release mechanism hasreached ground level (e.g., by detecting a measurement with theaccelerometer that is characteristic of ground impact). In otherexamples, the UAS may determine that the payload has reached the groundbased on a weight sensor detecting a threshold low downward force on thetether and/or based on a threshold low measurement of power drawn by thewinch when lowering the payload.

Other systems and techniques for delivering a payload, in addition or inthe alternative to a tethered delivery system are also possible. Forexample, a UAS 200 could include an air-bag drop system or a parachutedrop system. Alternatively, a UAS 200 carrying a payload could simplyland on the ground at a delivery location. Other examples are alsopossible.

IV. Illustrative UAS Deployment Systems

UAS deployment systems may be implemented in order to provide variousUAS-related services. In particular, UASs may be provided at a number ofdifferent launch sites that may be in communication with regional and/orcentral control systems. Such a distributed UAS deployment system mayallow UASs to be quickly deployed to provide services across a largegeographic area (e.g., that is much larger than the flight range of anysingle UAS). For example, UASs capable of carrying payloads may bedistributed at a number of launch sites across a large geographic area(possibly even throughout an entire country, or even worldwide), inorder to provide on-demand transport of various items to locationsthroughout the geographic area. FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagramillustrating a distributed UAS deployment system 300, according to anexample implementation.

In the illustrative UAS deployment system 300, an access system 302 mayallow for interaction with, control of, and/or utilization of a networkof UASs 304. In some implementations, an access system 302 may be acomputing device that allows for human-controlled dispatch of UASs 304.As such, the control system may include or otherwise provide a userinterface through which a user can access and/or control the UASs 304.

In some implementations, dispatch of the UASs 304 may additionally oralternatively be accomplished via one or more automated processes. Forinstance, the access system 302 may dispatch one of the UASs 304 totransport a payload to a target location, and the UAS may autonomouslynavigate to the target location by utilizing various on-board sensors,such as a GPS receiver and/or other various navigational sensors.

Further, the access system 302 may provide for remote operation of aUAS. For instance, the access system 302 may allow an operator tocontrol the flight of a UAS via its user interface. As a specificexample, an operator may use the access system 302 to dispatch a UAS 304to a target location. The UAS 304 may then autonomously navigate to thegeneral area of the target location. At this point, the operator may usethe access system 302 to take control of the UAS 304 and navigate theUAS to the target location (e.g., to a particular person to whom apayload is being transported). Other examples of remote operation of aUAS are also possible.

In an illustrative implementation, the UASs 304 may take various forms.For example, each of the UASs 304 may be a UAS such as those illustratedin FIGS. 1A-1E. However, UAS deployment system 300 may also utilizeother types of UASs without departing from the scope of the invention.In some implementations, all of the UASs 304 may be of the same or asimilar configuration. However, in other implementations, the UASs 304may include a number of different types of UASs. For instance, the UASs304 may include a number of types of UASs, with each type of UAS beingconfigured for a different type or types of payload deliverycapabilities.

The UAS deployment system 300 may further include a remote device 306,which may take various forms. Generally, the remote device 306 may beany device through which a direct or indirect request to dispatch a UAScan be made. (Note that an indirect request may involve anycommunication that may be responded to by dispatching a UAS, such asrequesting a package delivery). In an example implementation, the remotedevice 306 may be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer,personal computer, or any network-connected computing device. Further,in some instances, the remote device 306 may not be a computing device.As an example, a standard telephone, which allows for communication viaplain old telephone service (POTS), may serve as the remote device 306.Other types of remote devices are also possible.

Further, the remote device 306 may be configured to communicate withaccess system 302 via one or more types of communication network(s) 308.For example, the remote device 306 may communicate with the accesssystem 302 (or a human operator of the access system 302) bycommunicating over a POTS network, a cellular network, and/or a datanetwork such as the Internet. Other types of networks may also beutilized.

In some implementations, the remote device 306 may be configured toallow a user to request delivery of one or more items to a desiredlocation. For example, a user could request UAS delivery of a package totheir home via their mobile phone, tablet, or laptop. As anotherexample, a user could request dynamic delivery to wherever they arelocated at the time of delivery. To provide such dynamic delivery, theUAS deployment system 300 may receive location information (e.g., GPScoordinates, etc.) from the user's mobile phone, or any other device onthe user's person, such that a UAS can navigate to the user's location(as indicated by their mobile phone).

In an illustrative arrangement, the central dispatch system 310 may be aserver or group of servers, which is configured to receive dispatchmessages requests and/or dispatch instructions from the access system302. Such dispatch messages may request or instruct the central dispatchsystem 310 to coordinate the deployment of UASs to various targetlocations. The central dispatch system 310 may be further configured toroute such requests or instructions to one or more local dispatchsystems 312. To provide such functionality, the central dispatch system310 may communicate with the access system 302 via a data network, suchas the Internet or a private network that is established forcommunications between access systems and automated dispatch systems.

In the illustrated configuration, the central dispatch system 310 may beconfigured to coordinate the dispatch of UASs 304 from a number ofdifferent local dispatch systems 312. As such, the central dispatchsystem 310 may keep track of which UASs 304 are located at which localdispatch systems 312, which UASs 304 are currently available fordeployment, and/or which services or operations each of the UASs 304 isconfigured for (in the event that a UAS fleet includes multiple types ofUASs configured for different services and/or operations). Additionallyor alternatively, each local dispatch system 312 may be configured totrack which of its associated UASs 304 are currently available fordeployment and/or are currently in the midst of item transport.

In some cases, when the central dispatch system 310 receives a requestfor UAS-related service (e.g., transport of an item) from the accesssystem 302, the central dispatch system 310 may select a specific UAS304 to dispatch. The central dispatch system 310 may accordinglyinstruct the local dispatch system 312 that is associated with theselected UAS to dispatch the selected UAS. The local dispatch system 312may then operate its associated deployment system 314 to launch theselected UAS. In other cases, the central dispatch system 310 mayforward a request for a UAS-related service to a local dispatch system312 that is near the location where the support is requested and leavethe selection of a particular UAS 304 to the local dispatch system 312.

In an example configuration, the local dispatch system 312 may beimplemented as a computing device at the same location as the deploymentsystem(s) 314 that it controls. For example, the local dispatch system312 may be implemented by a computing device installed at a building,such as a warehouse, where the deployment system(s) 314 and UAS(s) 304that are associated with the particular local dispatch system 312 arealso located. In other implementations, the local dispatch system 312may be implemented at a location that is remote to its associateddeployment system(s) 314 and UAS(s) 304.

Numerous variations on and alternatives to the illustrated configurationof the UAS deployment system 300 are possible. For example, in someimplementations, a user of the remote device 306 could request deliveryof a package directly from the central dispatch system 310. To do so, anapplication may be implemented on the remote device 306 that allows theuser to provide information regarding a requested delivery, and generateand send a data message to request that the UAS deployment system 300provide the delivery. In such an implementation, the central dispatchsystem 310 may include automated functionality to handle requests thatare generated by such an application, evaluate such requests, and, ifappropriate, coordinate with an appropriate local dispatch system 312 todeploy a UAS.

Further, some or all of the functionality that is attributed herein tothe central dispatch system 310, the local dispatch system(s) 312, theaccess system 302, and/or the deployment system(s) 314 may be combinedin a single system, implemented in a more complex system, and/orredistributed among the central dispatch system 310, the local dispatchsystem(s) 312, the access system 302, and/or the deployment system(s)314 in various ways.

Yet further, while each local dispatch system 312 is shown as having twoassociated deployment systems 314, a given local dispatch system 312 mayalternatively have more or fewer associated deployment systems 314.Similarly, while the central dispatch system 310 is shown as being incommunication with two local dispatch systems 312, the central dispatchsystem 310 may alternatively be in communication with more or fewerlocal dispatch systems 312.

In a further aspect, the deployment systems 314 may take various forms.In general, the deployment systems 314 may take the form of or includesystems for physically launching one or more of the UASs 304. Suchlaunch systems may include features that provide for an automated UASlaunch and/or features that allow for a human-assisted UAS launch.Further, the deployment systems 314 may each be configured to launch oneparticular UAS 304, or to launch multiple UASs 304.

The deployment systems 314 may further be configured to provideadditional functions, including for example, diagnostic-relatedfunctions such as verifying system functionality of the UAS, verifyingfunctionality of devices that are housed within a UAS (e.g., a payloaddelivery apparatus), and/or maintaining devices or other items that arehoused in the UAS (e.g., by monitoring a status of a payload such as itstemperature, weight, etc.).

In some implementations, the deployment systems 314 and theircorresponding UASs 304 (and possibly associated local dispatch systems312) may be strategically distributed throughout an area such as a city.For example, the deployment systems 314 may be strategically distributedsuch that each deployment system 314 is proximate to one or more payloadpickup locations (e.g., near a restaurant, store, or warehouse).However, the deployment systems 314 (and possibly the local dispatchsystems 312) may be distributed in other ways, depending upon theparticular implementation. As an additional example, kiosks that allowusers to transport packages via UASs may be installed in variouslocations. Such kiosks may include UAS launch systems, and may allow auser to provide their package for loading onto a UAS and pay for UASshipping services, among other possibilities. Other examples are alsopossible.

In a further aspect, the UAS deployment system 300 may include or haveaccess to a user-account database 316. The user-account database 316 mayinclude data for a number of user accounts, and which are eachassociated with one or more person. For a given user account, theuser-account database 316 may include data related to or useful inproviding UAS-related services. Typically, the user data associated witheach user account is optionally provided by an associated user and/or iscollected with the associated user's permission.

Further, in some implementations, a person may be required to registerfor a user account with the UAS deployment system 300, if they wish tobe provided with UAS-related services by the UASs 304 from UASdeployment system 300. As such, the user-account database 316 mayinclude authorization information for a given user account (e.g., ausername and password), and/or other information that may be used toauthorize access to a user account.

In some implementations, a person may associate one or more of theirdevices with their user account, such that they can access the servicesof UAS deployment system 300. For example, when a person uses anassociated mobile phone, e.g., to place a call to an operator of theaccess system 302 or send a message requesting a UAS-related service toa dispatch system, the phone may be identified via a unique deviceidentification number, and the call or message may then be attributed tothe associated user account. Other examples are also possible.

V. Illustrative Methods

As noted, disclosed herein is a method for displaying locationindications of a plurality of UASs. The method may be performed by aserver, by a computing device, or by a combination thereof. The servercould be incorporated as part of the access system 302, the centraldispatch system 310, the local dispatch system 312, and/or thedeployment system 314, among other options. In practice, the computingdevice could be a remote device, such as remote device 306 for instance,that is in communication with the server at issue. Thus, the servercould have access to account information (e.g., stored in user-accountdatabase 316) associated with the computing device at issue, such asinformation about the source location associated with the computingdevice and/or information about items (e.g., respective weights ofitems) associated with the source location, among others. Yet further,in some implementations, the server and the computing device could beincorporated into a single system or device. Note that the server andthe computing device are described in more detail below.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method 400, according to an exampleimplementation. Illustrative methods, such as method 400, may be carriedout in whole or in part within an arrangement involving, for example,the computing device 700 of FIG. 7 and/or the server 800 of FIG. 8 (ormore particularly by one or more components or subsystems thereof, suchas by a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium havinginstructions that are executable to cause a system to perform functionsdescribed herein). However, it should be understood that examplemethods, such as method 400, may be carried out by other entities orcombinations of entities as well as in other arrangements, withoutdeparting from the scope of the disclosure.

Method 400 and other processes and methods disclosed herein may includeone or more operations, functions, or actions as illustrated by one ormore of blocks 402-408 for instance. Although the blocks are illustratedin sequential order, these blocks may also be performed in parallel,and/or in a different order than those described herein. Also, thevarious blocks may be combined into fewer blocks, divided intoadditional blocks, and/or removed based upon the desired implementation.

In addition, for the method 400 and other processes and methodsdisclosed herein, the flowchart shows functionality and operation of onepossible implementation of present implementations. In this regard, eachblock may represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code,which includes one or more instructions executable by a processor forimplementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. Theprogram code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, forexample, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. Thecomputer readable medium may include non-transitory computer readablemedium, for example, such as computer-readable media that stores datafor short periods of time like register memory, processor cache andRandom Access Memory (RAM). The computer readable medium may alsoinclude non-transitory media, such as secondary or persistent long termstorage, like read only memory (ROM), optical or magnetic disks,compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. The computerreadable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatile storagesystems. The computer readable medium may be considered a computerreadable storage medium, for example, or a tangible storage device. Inaddition, for the method 400 and other processes and methods disclosedherein, each block in FIG. 4 may represent circuitry that is wired toperform the specific logical functions in the process.

At block 402, method 400 involves sending, by a computing device,unmanned aircraft system (UAS) data providing a first UAS locationindication on a map on a display of the computing device, wherein thefirst UAS location indication comprises an aggregate indication of aplurality of UASs located within a first area on the map. As such, thefirst UAS location indication may comprise a single graphic icon thatrepresents the plurality of UASs located within the first area on themap. In one example, the first UAS location indication comprises acircle with a numerical representation of the number of the plurality ofUASs, as described in additional detail below with reference in FIG. 8A.Other graphic icons for the first UAS location indication are possibleas well.

In one example, the graphic display of the first UAS location indicationis limited to a range around a location of the computing device. Forexample, the graphic display of may be limited to displaying the firstUAS location indication of UAVs that are within a 25 km radius from thecomputing device, within a 10 km radius from the computing device,within a 5 km radius from the computing device, within a 1.5 km radiusfrom the computing device, or within a 0.75 km radius from the computingdevice, as non-limiting examples. The location of the computing devicecan be determined using several techniques. Example techniques include,but are not limited to, determining the location based on: a GlobalPositioning System (GPS) receiver in the computing device, input from auser of the computing device, based on information in the environment(e.g., street and highway signs), triangulation of network signals, usemeasurements from gyroscope(s) and accelerometer(s) in the computingdevice, and combinations of these techniques. Other techniques arepossible as well.

In one particular example, the range around the location of thecomputing device comprises a geofence, and the indication of thelocation of the UAS is displayed in response to detecting a breach ofthe geofence by the UAS. A geofence is a virtual region specified inrelation to a corresponding geographical region. For example, a geofencethat encircles at least part of an increased authorization location canbe specified with a latitude and longitude pair and a given radius. Inother examples, polygons, such as triangles or rectangles, or othershapes can be used to specify a geofence, as discussed in additionaldetail below.

In one example, the first UAS location indication is displayed in realtime with no historical lookback. In another example, the first UASlocation indication is displayed in real time with a limited historicallookback, such as less than one minute. The restriction of historicallookback for the UAS location may help prevent machine collection ofdrone identification data as the information is only available for alimited period of time, and is only available when the UAS is inproximity to the computing device.

At block 404, the method 400 involves receiving, by the computingdevice, input data comprising a request for additional informationrelated to the first UAS location indication. The input data comprisingthe request for additional information may correspond to a user input tothe computing device. In one example, input data comprises a mouse clickon the first UAS location indication on the display of the computingdevice. In another example, the display comprises a touch screen, andthe input data comprises selecting the first UAS location indication bytouching the first UAS location indication on the display of thecomputing device. In yet another example, the input data comprisesinformation indicative of a voice command. Other input data is possibleas well.

At block 406, the method 400 involves, in response to receiving therequest for additional information, sending additional location datarelated to the plurality of UASs, including a plurality of second UASlocation indications at a plurality of locations within the first areaon the map, wherein each second UAS indication corresponds to a subsetof the plurality of UASs represented by the first UAS locationindication. At block 408, the method 400 involves updating the displayof the computing device to show the plurality of second UAS locationindications.

In one example, the plurality of second UAS location indications at theplurality of locations within the first area on the map are displayed ona zoomed in area of the location on the map. In such an example, whenthe request for additional information is received, the display iszoomed in to a closer radius from the location of the computing devicewhen the plurality of second UAS location indications are displayed onthe display of the computing device. The plurality of second UASlocation indications may take a variety of forms. In one example, theplurality of second UAS location indications each comprise a graphicicon that represents a location of a single UAS located within the firstarea on the map. In another example, the plurality of second UASlocation indications each comprise a graphic icon that represents asecond plurality of UASs that is a subset of the first plurality ofUASs. In such an example, the method 400 may further include (i)receiving, by the computing device, input data comprising a request foradditional information related to a given second UAS location indicationof the plurality of second UAS location indications, (ii) sendingadditional location data related to the plurality of UASs including aplurality of third UAS location indications at a plurality of locationswithin the first area on the map, wherein each third UAS indicationcorresponds to a subset of the plurality of UASs represented by thesecond UAS location indication, and (iii) updating the display of thecomputing device to show the plurality of third UAS locationindications. Additional layers of detail for the plurality of UASs arepossible as well, with each layer requiring a user input to drill downto the next level of detail.

At the highest level of detail (e.g., after one or more requests foradditional information), the display of the computing device may displayan individual graphical icon for one or more of the plurality of UASswithin the first area on the map. In one example, the location of eachindividual UAS is diluted to a bounded range surrounding the UAS. Thebounded range may be 50 feet, 100 feet, or 150 feet, as examples.Limiting the location of the UAS to a bounded range provides precisiondilution so that the exact UAS location is not provided, but instead anapproximation of the location is displayed on the computing device.

In one example, the method 400 may further include (i) receiving, by thecomputing device, input data comprising a request for additionalinformation of a given UAS of the plurality of UASs corresponding to oneof the plurality of second UAS location indications, and (ii) inresponse to receiving the request for additional information of thegiven UAS, sending an instruction to display a unique identifierassociated with the given UAS on the display of the computing device.Once a UAS owner is registered, the UAS may be assigned a uniqueidentifier. The unique identifiers are globally unique, human-readableidentifiers used to publically identify an operating UAS, traceable to agiven owner through the registration database. The unique identifier maybe a unique identification number, or may be alphanumeric. The uniqueidentifier may be physically affixed to the aircraft, and may optionallybe broadcast via an RF technology (e.g. ADS-B, or similar). The uniqueidentifier may also be linked to a specific vehicle's manufactureridentity (e.g. serial number). The UAS database may include a pluralityof such registered UASs, and their associated unique identifiers.

A given UAS may be registered using a UAS registrar. Any interestedentity could implement a UAS registrar, provided they comply with aregistrar accreditation agreement defining minimum criteria forparticipation. A cooperative network of registrars helps ensure nosingle point of failure in the registration and identity system, andpotentially allows for ‘value-added’ services (e.g. fleet management,airspace route management, etc). In serving registration requests, theregistrars would interface with a centralized UAS registry operated byan appropriate regulatory body (e.g., the FAA).

Such a UAS registrar may be responsible for the capture, verification,and validation of UAS owner information. Such information may includeinformation provided by the owner during registration. This informationcould include items such as: name, phone number, mailing address, emailaddress. The information provided should be sufficient to enableidentification, and provide a valid point of contact for a responsibleparty during UAS operations (e.g. phone number, mailing address).Verification and validation of the provided information may be required,as this helps to prevent deliberate misuse of the system. Validationcould be achieved through various means, such as challenge-response(e.g. via SMS, email, or physical mail), or through a third party (e.g.credit card or bank account). Failure by the registrant (owner) toprovide verification within a reasonable timeframe should lead tosuspension or termination of the registration. Periodic verification ofowner information should be conducted (e.g. yearly) by the registrar, toensure ongoing accuracy. The information capture and registrationprocess may be analogous to the registration process for interne domainnames.

In another example, the method 400 further involves, in response toreceiving the request for additional information of the given UAS,sending an instruction to display one or more of the following: (i) aground speed of the UAS on the display of the computing device, (ii) analtitude of the UAS on the display of the computing device, (iii) amodel number of the UAS on the display of the computing device, (iv) animage of the UAS on the display of the computing device, and (v) anoperator of the UAS on the display of the computing device. The operatorinformation may be associated with the determined unique identifier. Anoperator of the UAS is the entity actually conducting operation of theUAS in the airspace. In most cases, the registered owner and operator ofthe UAS will be one and the same, however there are many use-cases wherethe operator is a distinct entity (e.g., rentals, leasing, etc.). One ormore of the unique identifier information, ground speed of the UAS,altitude of the UAS, model number of the UAS, image of the UAS, andoperator information of the UAS may be retrieved from a UAS database.The information displayed on the display of the computing device may bea restricted and/or modified subset of all flight status data within theUAS database. For example, owner information of the UAS may not bedisplayed.

In one example, the altitude of the UAS is displayed as an altituderange, such that an exact altitude of the UAS is unknown. For example,the altitude of the UAS may be displayed as less than 50 feet, or 50-100feet, or 100-150 feet, or greater than 150 feet. Other example rangesare possible as well. In another example, an exact altitude of the UASmay be displayed if the altitude exceeds a threshold height. Forexample, when the UAS is at an altitude over 50 feet, an exact altitudeof the UAS may be displayed. But when the UAS is at an altitude under 50feet, the display may simply display the altitude as being less than 50feet, without specifying an exact altitude. Such an example may helpobfuscate pickup and drop-off locations of the UAS.

The method 400 may further involve, (i) in response to receiving therequest for additional information of the given UAS, sending aninstruction to display an option for further additional informationabout the given UAS, (ii) receiving, by the computing device, input datacomprising a selection the option for further additional informationabout the given UAS, and (ii) in response to receiving the selection ofthe option for further additional information about the given UAS,sending an instruction to display a website corresponding to the optionfor further additional information about the given UAS. The furtheradditional information on the website may include operator informationfor the UAS, a model number for the UAS, and an image of the UAS, asexamples. In another example, the website may be a website for theoperator of the UAS.

The method 400 may further involve, in response to receiving the requestfor additional information of the given UAS, sending an instruction todisplay an option to report the given UAS for a non-standard operation.In one example, such a non-standard operation may include a noiseviolation. In another example, the non-standard operation may includereporting unsafe operation, such as a low altitude or excess groundspeed. Other non-standard operations for reporting are possible as well.The report may then be transmitted to an appropriate regulatory body. Inanother example, the method 400 further involves, in response toreceiving the request for additional information of the given UAS,sending an instruction to display an option to receive a notificationwhen the given UAS is in proximity to the computing device. In such anexample, the proximity to the computing device may be defined by ageofence surrounding the location of the computing device, and thenotification is displayed in response to detecting a breach of thegeofence by the UAS. Other examples are possible as well.

The methods and corresponding graphical user interface described abovebeneficially provide users the ability to see what UASs are flying intheir area. However, a potential drawback of such a system may includethe scraping of UAS data to create a large scale tracking database of aplurality of UASs across a large geographic area. To address thispotential concern, in one example of method 400, the request foradditional information related to the first UAS location indicationcorresponds to a first source. In such an example, the method 400 mayfurther involve (i) determining a count of additional informationrequests received from the first source within a predetermined period oftime, (ii) when the count is greater than a threshold, denying therequest for additional information, and (iii) when the count is lessthan or equal to the threshold, sending the additional location datarelated to the plurality of UASs.

Such a method may help prevent machine collection of UAS data displayedon a graphical user interface in response to a user selection bydetecting whether it is a computer program or a human controlling therequest for additional UAS information, and lock out a source that isrequesting additional UAS information at a threshold high rate.

In one example, the first source may comprise a user account associatedwith a particular user. In another example, the first source maycomprise a particular computing device. In yet another example, thefirst source may comprise a number of different accounts that are linkedin some way, such as the same Internet Protocol (IP) address, sameregistered owner of accounts, same geolocation, or any other way thataccounts might be determined to be linked such that the informationpulled by multiple accounts and/or from multiple devices can beaggregated by a person or entity.

The predetermined time period may be a minute, an hour, or a day, asnon-limiting examples. The threshold of requests per predeterminedperiod may be 2 requests for additional information per minute, 10request for additional information per hour, or 25 requests foradditional information per day, as non-limiting examples. Otherthresholds and predetermined periods are possible as well. The thresholdshould be selected in an attempt to detect whether it is a computerprogram or a human controlling the request for additional UASinformation.

VI. Example Geofences

FIG. 5A depicts a geofencing scenario 500 for a UAS 510, in accordancewith an example embodiment. In FIG. 5A, UAS 510 is relatively close tofive geofences: geofences 520, 522, 524, 526, and 530. Geofences 520,522, and 524 are shaped as rectangles, and specified in terms ofupper-left-hand corner and lower-left-hand corner coordinates. Forexample, geofence 520 has upper-left-hand corner coordinates of (a, b)and lower-left-hand corner coordinates of (c, d). By this specification,geofence 520 includes all points whose x coordinates range from a to cand whose y coordinates range from b to d. Such geofences may representan area surrounding a computing device, in particular a computing deviceused to carry out one or more of the steps of method 400 describedabove.

In some cases, geofences can be nested or included within othergeofences. For example, FIG. 5A shows geofences 522 and 526 withingeofence 520, and geofence 524 within geofence 522.

Other geometries than rectangles can be used for geofences. FIG. 5Ashows circular geofences 526 and 530 each specified by a respectivecenter point and radius. For examples, geofence 526 is specified with acenter point of (a₂, b₂) and a radius of R₂, and geofence 530 isspecified with a center point of (e, f) and a radius of R.

FIG. 5B depicts an example geofencing scenario. In FIG. 5B, UAS 510enters geofence 530 at point P1, travels along path 542, and exitsgeofence 530 at point P2. A computing device can first determine entryof the UAS 510 within geofence 530 by determining a current location,determining a difference D between the current location and the centerpoint (e, f) of geofence 530, and comparing the difference D to afunction f(R) of the radius R of geofence 530.

For example, let (x, y) be the current position of UAS 510. Then, if thedifference D between the current position and the center point ofgeofence 530 is determined as , then the difference D can be compared tothe radius R of geofence 530; i.e., f(R)=R. In another example, thedifference D can be determined as with f(R)=R².

Then, if D is less than f(R), UAS 510 is within the boundary of geofence530; otherwise, D≥f(R) and UAS 510 is not within the boundary ofgeofence 530.

To determine entry into the geofence, UAS 510 can retain two values foreach geofence: a previous entry state and a current entry state. Theprevious and current entry states can both be initialized to “Notentered”. Then, UAS 510 can determine whether it is within geofence 530using the techniques mentioned above. If UAS 510 is now within geofence530; e.g., has reached point P1 along path 542; then the current entrystate can be set to “Entered”. Upon setting the current entry state to“Entered”, UAS 510 can determine whether the previous entry state is setto “Not entered”. When the current entry state is “Entered” and theprevious entry state is set to “Not entered”, then UAS 510 can determinethat UAS 510 has just entered into geofence 530. After comparing theprevious entry state with “Not entered”, the current entry state can becopied to the previous entry state.

In one particular example, the indication of the location of the UAS 510may be limited to the geofence 530, and the indication of the locationof the UAS 510 is displayed in response to detecting a breach of thegeofence 530 by the UAS 510. In another example, as discussed above, auser may select an option to receive a notification when a particularUAS 510 is in proximity to the computing device. In such an example, theproximity to the computing device may be defined by the geofence 530surrounding the location of the computing device, and the notificationis displayed on the display of the computing device in response todetecting a breach of the geofence by the UAS 510.

A similar technique can be used to determine when UAS 510 exits geofence530; e.g., UAS 510 can determine that it has exited geofence 530 whenthe previous entry state is “Entered” and the current entry state is“Not Entered”. Upon exit from geofence 530, a geofence exit message canbe generated.

VII. Example Graphical User Interfaces

FIG. 6A illustrates a display 602 of a computing device 600 including afirst UAS location indications 604 at a location on a map. As discussedabove, the first UAS location indication 604 comprises an aggregateindication of a plurality of UASs located within a first area on themap. As such, the first UAS location indication 604 may comprise asingle graphic icon that represents the plurality of UASs located withinthe first area on the map, as shown in

FIG. 6A. In the particular example shown in FIG. 6A, the first UASlocation indication 604 may comprise a circle with a numericalrepresentation of the number of the plurality of UASs. Other graphicicons for the first UAS location indication 604 are possible as well.The computing device 600 may receive input data comprising a request foradditional data related to the first UAS location indication 604. Theinput data comprising the request for additional data related to thefirst UAS location indication 604 may take a variety of forms. In oneparticular example, as shown in FIG. 6A, a user is selecting the firstUAS location indication 604 using a cursor 605. In another example, auser may select the first UAS location indication 604 using a touchscreen on the computing device 600 or via a voice command. Any otherinput for a request for additional information related to the first UASlocation indication 604 is possible as well.

FIG. 6B illustrates the display 602 of the computing device 600 once therequest for additional information has been received by the computingdevice 600. As shown in FIG. 6B, the display 602 includes a plurality ofsecond UAS location indications 606A-606D at a plurality of locationswithin the first area on the map. As discussed above, each second UASindication 606A-606D corresponds to a subset of the plurality of UASsrepresented by the first UAS location indication 604.

As discussed above, in one example, the plurality of second UAS locationindications 606A-606D each comprise a graphic icon that represents alocation of a single UAS located within the first area on the map. Inanother example, as shown in FIG. 6B, the plurality of second UASlocation indications 606A-606D each comprise a graphic icon thatrepresents a second plurality of UASs that is a subset of the firstplurality of UASs. In such an example, the computing device 600 mayreceive input data comprising a request for additional informationrelated to a given second UAS location indication 606A of the pluralityof second UAS location indications 606A-606D. As discussed above, theinput data comprising the request for additional information related toa given second UAS location indication 606A of the plurality of secondUAS location indications 606A-606D may take a variety of forms, such asa cursor selection, a touch input, or a voice command.

FIG. 6C illustrates the display 602 of the computing device 600 once thecomputing device has received the input data comprising a request foradditional information related to a given second UAS location indication606A of the plurality of second UAS location indications 606A-606D. Asshown in FIG. 6C, the display 602 includes a plurality of individualUASs 608A, 608B at a plurality of locations within the first area on themap.

Once again, the computing device 600 may receive a request foradditional information about a given UAS 608A. As shown in FIG. 6D, inresponse to receiving the indication of the user input selecting UAS608A, the computing device 600 may display a unique identifier 610associated with the UAS 608A. As shown in FIG. 6D, the unique identifier812 may be positioned near the indication of the UAS 804A. In addition,the computing device 800 may display another window 612 overlaid on themap below the UAS 608A. The window 612 may display the unique identifier610 of the UAS 608A, an operator 614 of the UAS 608A, an image 616 ofthe UAS 608A, a model number 618 of the UAS 608A, a ground speed 620 ofthe UAS 608A, and an altitude 622 of the UAS 608A. Further, as shown inFIG. 6D, the window 612 may also display an option for additionalinformation 624 about the UAS 608A. As described above, in response toreceiving an indication of the user input selecting the option foradditional information about the UAS 608A, the computing device 600 maydisplay a website corresponding to the option for additional informationabout the UAS 608A. The website may be a website for the operator of theUAS. Other embodiments of the display 602 possible as well as discussedin additional detail above.

VIII. Example Computing Device

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing components of an example computingdevice 700. Generally, the computing device 700 may take the form of adesktop computer, a laptop, a tablet, a wearable computing device,and/or a mobile phone, among other possibilities. Nonetheless, as shown,the computing device 700 may include one or more processors 702, datastorage 704, program instructions 706, communication interface 708,display 710, Input Method Editor (IME) 712, and audio output device 714.Note that the computing device 700 is shown for illustration purposesonly and computing device 700 may include additional components and/orhave one or more components removed without departing from the scope ofthe disclosure. Further, note that the various components of computingdevice 700 may be arranged and connected in any manner.

Processor(s) 702 may be a general-purpose processor or a special purposeprocessor (e.g., digital signal processors, application specificintegrated circuits, etc.). The processor(s) 702 can be configured toexecute computer-readable program instructions 706 that are stored inthe data storage 704 and are executable to carry out various functionsdescribed herein, among others

The data storage 704 may include or take the form of one or morecomputer-readable storage media that can be read or accessed byprocessor(s) 702. The one or more computer-readable storage media caninclude volatile and/or non-volatile storage components, such asoptical, magnetic, organic or other memory or disc storage, which can beintegrated in whole or in part with processor(s) 702. In someimplementations, the data storage 704 can be implemented using a singlephysical device (e.g., one optical, magnetic, organic or other memory ordisc storage unit), while in other implementations, the data storage 704can be implemented using two or more physical devices. Further, inaddition to the computer-readable program instructions 706, the datastorage 704 may include additional data such as diagnostic data, amongother possibilities.

The communication interface 708 may allow computing device 700 tocommunicate, using analog or digital modulation, with other devices,servers, access networks, and/or transport networks. Thus, communicationinterface 708 may facilitate circuit-switched and/or packet-switchedcommunication, such as plain old telephone service (POTS) communicationand/or Internet protocol (IP) or other packetized communication. Forinstance, communication interface 708 may include a chipset and antennaarranged for wireless communication with a radio access network or anaccess point. Also, communication interface 708 may take the form of orinclude a wireline interface, such as an Ethernet, Universal Serial Bus(USB), or High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) port.Communication interface 1008 may also take the form of or include awireless interface, such as a Wifi, BLUETOOTH®, global positioningsystem (GPS), or wide-area wireless interface (e.g., WiMAX or 3GPPLong-Term Evolution (LTE)). However, other forms of physical layerinterfaces and other types of standard or proprietary communicationprotocols may be used over communication interface 708. Furthermore,communication interface 708 may comprise multiple physical communicationinterfaces (e.g., a Wifi interface, a BLUETOOTH® interface, and awide-area wireless interface).

Display 710 may take on any form (e.g., LED, LCD, OLED, etc.). Further,display 710 may be a touchscreen display (e.g., a touchscreen display ona tablet). Display 710 may show a graphical user interface (GUI) thatmay provide an application through which a user may interact with thesystems disclosed herein.

Further, the computing device 700 may receive user input (e.g., from theuser of the computing device 700) via IME 712. In particular, the IME712 may allow for interaction with the GUI such as for scrolling,providing text, and/or selecting various features of the application,among other possible interactions. The IME 712 may take on variousforms. In one example, the IME 712 may be a pointing device such as acomputing mouse used for control of the GUI. However, if display 710 isa touchscreen display, user touch input can be received (e.g., such asusing a finger or a stylus) that allows for control of the GUI. Inanother example, IME 712 may be a text IME such as a keyboard thatprovides for selection of numbers, characters and/or symbols to bedisplayed via the GUI. For instance, in the arrangement where display710 is a touchscreen display, portions of the display 710 may show theIME 712. Thus, touch-input on the portion of the display 710 includingthe IME 712 may result in user-input such as selection of specificnumbers, characters, and/or symbols to be shown on the GUI via display710. In yet another example, the IME 712 may be a voice IME that may beused that receives audio input, such as from a user via a microphone(not shown) of the computing device 700, that is then interpretableusing one of various speech recognition techniques into one or morecharacters than may be shown via display 710. Other examples may also bepossible.

Yet further, audio output device 714 may include one or more devicesconfigured to convert electrical signals into audible signals (e.g.,sound pressure waves). As such, the audio output device 714 may take theform of headphones (e.g., over-the-ear headphones, on-ear headphones,ear buds, wired and wireless headphones, etc.), one or moreloudspeakers, or an interface to such an audio output device (e.g., a ¼″or ⅛″ tip-ring-sleeve (TRS) port, a USB port, etc.). In someimplementations, the audio output device 714 may include an amplifier, acommunication interface (e.g., BLUETOOTH interface), and/or a headphonejack or speaker output terminals. Other systems or devices configured todeliver perceivable audio signals to a user are possible.

IX. Example Server

FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a server 800, according to anexample implementation. The server 800 includes one or more processor(s)802 and data storage 804, such as a non-transitory computer readablemedium. Additionally, the data storage 804 is shown as storing programinstruction 806, which may be executable by the processor(s) 802.Further, the server 800 also includes a communication interface 808.Note that the various components of server 800 may be arranged andconnected in any manner.

Moreover, the above description of processor(s) 702, data storage 704,and communication interface 708, may apply to any discussion relating tothe respective component being used in another system or arrangements.For instance, as noted, FIG. 7 illustrates processors, data storage, anda communication interface as being incorporated in another arrangement.These components at issue may thus take on the same or similarcharacteristics (and/or form) as the respective components discussedabove in association with FIG. 7. However, the components at issue couldalso take on other characteristics (and/or form) without departing fromthe scope of the disclosure.

In practice, a server may be any program and/or device that providesfunctionality for other programs and/or devices (e.g., any of theabove-described devices), which could be referred to as “clients”.Generally, this arrangement may be referred to as a client-server model.With this arrangement, a server can provides various services, such asdata and/or resource sharing with a client and/or carrying outcomputations for a client, among others. Moreover, a single server canprovide services for one or more clients and a single client can receiveservices from one or more servers. As such, servers could take variousforms (currently known or developed in the future), such as a databaseserver, a file server, a web server, and/or an application server, amongother possibilities.

Generally, a client and a server may interact with one another invarious ways. In particular, a client may send a request or aninstruction or the like to the server. Based on that request orinstruction, the server may perform one or more operations and may thenrespond to the client with a result or with an acknowledgement or thelike. In some cases, a server may send a request or an instruction orthe like to the client. Based on that request or instruction, the clientmay perform one or more operations and may then respond to the serverwith a result or with an acknowledgement or the like. In either case,such communications between a client and a server may occur via a wiredconnection or via a wireless connection, such as via a network forinstance.

X. Conclusion

The particular arrangements shown in the Figures should not be viewed aslimiting. It should be understood that other implementations may includemore or less of each element shown in a given Figure. Further, some ofthe illustrated elements may be combined or omitted. Yet further, anexemplary implementation may include elements that are not illustratedin the Figures.

Additionally, while various aspects and implementations have beendisclosed herein, other aspects and implementations will be apparent tothose skilled in the art. The various aspects and implementationsdisclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intendedto be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by thefollowing claims. Other implementations may be utilized, and otherchanges may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of thesubject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that theaspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, andillustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined,separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations,all of which are contemplated herein.

Where example embodiments involve information related to a person or adevice of a person, the embodiments should be understood to includeprivacy controls. Such privacy controls include, at least, anonymizationof device identifiers, transparency and user controls, includingfunctionality that would enable users to modify or delete informationrelating to the user's use of a product. Such privacy controlled datamight include (without limitation) information related to: anindividual's identity, and individual's location, an individual's orderhistory, a UAS's identity, a UAS's location, a UAS's flight history, abusiness's identity, a business's location, and/or a business's orderhistory, among others.'

Accordingly, in situations in which system(s) collect and/or make use ofinformation about entities (e.g., individuals, UASs, and/or businesses),data may be treated in one or more ways before it is stored or used, sothat personally identifiable information is removed or otherwise cannotbe discovered by an unauthorized entity/system.

In one example, an entity's identity and/or geographic location may betreated so that no personally identifiable information can be determinedfor the entity. To do so, a system may transmit and/or receive data inthe form of anonymized data streams. That is, data representinginformation related to one or more entities may not provide anyinformation related to respective identities and/or locations of the oneor more entities, thereby maintaining privacy. In another example, whendata is set to include information related to an entity's identityand/or location, the data could be arranged so that this information isspecified in such a way that only an authorized entity/system couldascertain a particular identify and/or a particular location of anentity. To do so, a system may transmit and/or receive data in the formof coded data streams in which the information takes the form a codeinterpretable only by an authorized entity/system.

In yet another example, data representing information related to anentity's identity and/or location may be encrypted so that only anauthorized entity/system could obtain access to the information. Forinstance, an authorized entity/system could obtain access to theinformation only through use of a previously-obtained security key thatenables access to the information.

In yet another example, data representing information related to anentity's identity and/or location may only be available temporarily. Forinstance, a system could be configured to store such data for a certaintime period and to then permanently delete the data upon detectingexpiration of this time period. Other examples are possible as well.

Further, in situations in where embodiments discussed herein collectpersonal information about users, or may make use of personalinformation, the users may be provided with an opportunity to controlwhether programs or features collect user information (e.g., informationabout a user's medical history, social network, social actions oractivities, profession, a user's preferences, or a user's currentlocation), or to control whether and/or how to receive content from thecontent server that may be more relevant to the user. In addition,certain data may be treated in one or more ways before it is stored orused, so that personally identifiable information is removed. Forexample, a user's identity may be treated so that no personallyidentifiable information can be determined for the user, or a user'sgeographic location may be generalized where location information isobtained (such as to a city, ZIP code, or state level), so that aparticular location of a user cannot be determined. Thus, the user mayhave control over how information is collected about the user and usedby a content server.

We claim:
 1. A computer-implemented method comprising: sending, by acomputing device, unmanned aircraft system (UAS) data providing a firstUAS location indication on a map on a display of the computing device,wherein the first UAS location indication comprises an aggregateindication of a plurality of UASs located within a first area on themap; receiving, by the computing device, input data comprising a requestfor additional information related to the first UAS location indication;in response to receiving the request for additional information, sendingadditional location data related to the plurality of UASs, including aplurality of second UAS location indications at a plurality of locationswithin the first area on the map, wherein each second UAS indicationcorresponds to a subset of the plurality of UASs represented by thefirst UAS location indication; and updating the display of the computingdevice to show the plurality of second UAS location indications.
 2. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of secondUAS location indications at the plurality of locations within the firstarea on the map are displayed on a zoomed in area of the first area onthe map.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein thefirst UAS location indication is displayed in real time with nohistorical lookback.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,wherein the first UAS location indication is displayed in real time witha limited historical lookback of one minute.
 5. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 1, wherein the graphic display of the first UAS locationindication is limited to a range around a location of the computingdevice.
 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the rangearound the location of the computing device comprises a geofence, andwherein the first UAS location indication is displayed in response todetecting a breach of the geofence by at least one of the plurality ofUASs.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein each of theplurality of second UAS location indications at the plurality oflocations within the first area on the map comprises an indication ofthe location of a plurality of individual UASs of the plurality of UASs.8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving, by the computing device, input data comprising a request foradditional information related to a given second UAS location indicationof the plurality of second UAS location indications; sending additionallocation data related to the plurality of UASs including a plurality ofthird UAS location indications at a plurality of locations within thefirst area on the map, wherein each third UAS indication corresponds toa subset of the plurality of UASs represented by the second UAS locationindication; and updating the display of the computing device to show theplurality of third UAS location indications.
 9. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, by the computingdevice, input data comprising a request for additional information of agiven UAS of the plurality of UASs corresponding to one of the pluralityof second UAS location indications; and in response to receiving therequest for additional information of the given UAS, sending aninstruction to display a unique identifier associated with the given UASon the display of the computing device.
 10. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 9, further comprising: in response to receiving therequest for additional information of the given UAS, sending aninstruction to display one or more of (i) a ground speed of the givenUAS on the display of the computing device, (ii) an altitude of thegiven UAS on the display of the computing device, (iii) a model numberof the given UAS on the display of the computing device, (iv) an imageof the given UAS on the display of the computing device, and (v) anoperator of the given UAS on the display of the computing device. 11.The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the altitude of thegiven UAS is displayed as an altitude range, such that an exact altitudeof the given UAS is unknown.
 12. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 9, further comprising: in response to receiving the request foradditional information of the given UAS, sending an instruction todisplay an option for further additional information about the givenUAS; receiving, by the computing device, input data comprising aselection the option for further additional information about the givenUAS; and in response to receiving the selection of the option forfurther additional information about the given UAS, sending aninstruction to display a website corresponding to the option for furtheradditional information about the given UAS.
 13. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 9, further comprising: in response to receiving therequest for additional information of the given UAS, sending aninstruction to display an option to report the given UAS for anon-standard operation.
 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 9,further comprising: in response to receiving the request for additionalinformation of the given UAS, sending an instruction to display anoption to receive a notification when the given UAS is in proximity tothe computing device.
 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,wherein the request for additional information related to the first UASlocation indication corresponds to a first source, the method furthercomprising: determining a count of additional information requestsreceived from the first source within a predetermined period of time;when the count is greater than a threshold, denying the request foradditional information; and when the count is less than or equal to thethreshold, sending the additional location data related to the pluralityof UASs.
 16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having storedthereon instructions, that when executed by one or more processors,cause a computing device to perform operations comprising: sending, by acomputing device, unmanned aircraft system (UAS) data providing a firstUAS location indication on a map on a display of the computing device,wherein the first UAS location indication comprises an aggregateindication of a plurality of UASs located within a first area on themap; receiving, by the computing device, input data comprising a requestfor additional information related to the first UAS location indication;in response to receiving the request for additional information, sendingadditional location data related to the plurality of UASs, including aplurality of second UAS location indications at a plurality of locationswithin the first area on the map, wherein each second UAS indicationcorresponds to a subset of the plurality of UASs represented by thefirst UAS location indication; and updating the display of the computingdevice to show the plurality of second UAS location indications.
 17. Thenon-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, wherein theoperations further comprise: receiving, by the computing device, inputdata comprising a request for additional information of a given UAS ofthe plurality of UASs corresponding to one of the plurality of secondUAS location indications; and in response to receiving the request foradditional information of the given UAS, sending an instruction todisplay a unique identifier associated with the given UAS on the displayof the computing device.
 18. The non-transitory computer-readable mediumof claim 16, wherein the operations further comprise: in response toreceiving the request for additional information of the given UAS,sending an instruction to display one or more of (i) a ground speed ofthe given UAS on the display of the computing device, (ii) an altitudeof the given UAS on the display of the computing device, (iii) a modelnumber of the given UAS on the display of the computing device, (iv) animage of the given UAS on the display of the computing device, and (v)an operator of the given UAS on the display of the computing device. 19.A system, comprising: a display; a processing unit; data storage; andprogram instructions stored in the data storage and executable by theprocessing unit to carry out operations comprising: sending, by acomputing device, unmanned aircraft system (UAS) data providing a firstUAS location indication on a map on a display of the computing device,wherein the first UAS location indication comprises an aggregateindication of a plurality of UASs located within a first area on themap; receiving, by the computing device, input data comprising a requestfor additional information related to the first UAS location indication;in response to receiving the request for additional information, sendingadditional location data related to the plurality of UASs, including aplurality of second UAS location indications at a plurality of locationswithin the first area on the map, wherein each second UAS indicationcorresponds to a subset of the plurality of UASs represented by thefirst UAS location indication; and updating the display of the computingdevice to show the plurality of second UAS location indications.
 20. Thesystem of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of second UAS locationindications at the plurality of locations within the first area on themap comprises an indication of the location of a plurality of individualUASs of the plurality of UASs.